Taken together (the evidence suggests cannabis may provide short-term), subjective improvements, but tolerance, withdrawal effects, and inconsistent findings across studies highlight the need for further research. Their findings were generally neutral to slightly positive. Evidence in this area is still limited and inconsistent. Over time (the impact of cannabis on sleep often becomes neutral), and in some cases may worsen sleep quality.
Data were collected using the Strainprint app (which allows medicinal cannabis users to log conditions and symptoms), track cannabis use, and monitor symptom severity pre- and postcannabis use. When using cannabis products to help with sleep — people often use them before going to bed. Little research has been conducted on the best strain for sleep, though a small study found several preferred strains. Additionally, people who are pregnant or nursing should avoid using cannabis products that contain THC or CBD. This is due to differences in how individual cannabinoids (such as THC and CBD), affect the body.
Descriptive statistics for anxiety and sleep scores among adults using cannabidiol treatment Table 1 provides means and standard deviations for sleep and anxiety scores at baseline and during the follow-up period for adults taking CBD. Deidentified patient data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and plotted graphically for visual analysis and interpretation of trends. Side effects and tolerability of CBD treatment were assessed through spontaneous patient self-reports and were documented in case records.
There has been extensive research on the effects of cannabis on the pulmonary system both in the acute and long-term settings. There is suggestion on a molecular level and based on retrospective analyses that cannabis may have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system, but prospective clinical data has not confirmed these suggested findings. However, this study was limited by measuring its variables by self-report, as the outcomes could be subject to recall bias, and the self-reported cannabis use was in poor agreement with biochemical validation , Jeffers et al., 2024,. These changes dysregulate stress and anxiety responses, thermoregulation, the transient receptor potential vanilloid system, and several neurotransmitter systems, and thus may mediate the pathophysiology of CHS , DeVuono & Parker, 2020,.
Another important consideration with regards to responsible cannabis awareness in biker culture cannabis use in adolescents and young adults is its effect on cognition and intelligence. The entourage effect theory posits that the non-THC components within whole-flower cannabis influence the overall effects of cannabis. However, as concluded in a literature review exploring CBD and anxiety, evidence is mixed and limited (Lichenstein, 2022).
The beneficial effect of marijuana on sleep was most frequently reported by respondents aged 25 to 44 years (45%), whereas marijuana use decreased among older adults. Gender and age variations in marijuana consumption and its perceived effects on sleep are demonstrated by the results. Conversely, 19% of adults mentioned that marijuana had either no effect (11%) on their sleep or worsened it (8%), and 47% of those surveyed stated they do not use marijuana. A slight or significant improvement in sleep was reported by one-third (33%) of adults when using marijuana.
The well-documented significance of sleep in sustaining cognitive function suggests that cannabis may interact with or enhance cognition through its effects on sleep. The pattern of ECB expression observed throughout the day implies that brain areas responsible for cognitive function could be regulated in a manner similar to circadian rhythms. Due to its suspected involvement in sleep regulation and cognition, the ECB system has attracted growing interest from researchers.
These findings support the hypothesis that CBD has more predictable sleep-promoting effects that may be moderated by stress, underlying health conditions, and concurrent medications. Studies have shown that low-to-moderate doses of CBD promote wakefulness in young adults and preclinical models 39 — 40 and improve sleep in adults . This study also confirms that higher doses of CBD result in greater sleep improvement 36, 37, even though, unlike THC, CBD is not thought to alter sleep architecture . During their participation (75% of cancer patients used enteral (oral) cannabis products), either alone or in combination with inhalation products. Approximately 40% qualified for the reduced program fee — which was used in this study as a proxy for patient financial status.
Methods
The other authors have no competing interests to disclose. We identified twenty-one recent studies of cannabinoids for insomnia (subjective sleep impairment), obstructive sleep apnoea, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, and restless legs syndrome. There isn’t conclusive evidence on whether CBD or THC is better for relieving insomnia symptoms.While cannabis may help people with insomnia fall asleep easier, heavy or extended use may negatively impact your circadian rhythm and make it harder to fall and stay asleep. Many people use cannabis to successfully manage their chronic pain and insomnia. For people with certain conditions (such as chronic pain), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and multiple sclerosis, cannabis may help them fall asleep faster, wake up less during the night, and enjoy better sleep quality overall. With the changing legal climate — it is more likely for providers to encounter patients who report the use of cannabis products for sleep.
The limited number of human studies regarding the effects of cannabis on sleep and cognitive functions restricts the convergence of results, yet indicates a separation between cannabis’s impact on cognition and sleep. This study cohort included 40 articles: 28 focusing on cannabis and sleep, 4 analyzing both sleep and chronic pain, 3 detailing the effects of cannabis on sleep and PTSD, 3 investigating cannabis’s impact solely on OSA, and 2 studies concerning cannabis use for RLS. Conducted under the Minnesota Medical Cannabis Program (MMCP) — this research allows patients with specific qualifying conditions to access cannabis products. Despite this, the findings align with a cross-sectional survey of medical cannabis users which indicated that inhalation is the predominant method of consumption. Data stripped of personal identifiers were collected from Strainprint® — a medical cannabis technology platform based in Canada. The final sample comprised 991 Canadian medicinal cannabis users suffering from insomnia, who utilized the app to track changes in their insomnia symptoms over 24,189 sessions recorded.
An initial open-label trial indicated some improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) — though response variability was considerable. Regarding the Survey: An online survey covering 2,007 adults in the U.S. was commissioned by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. According to the CDC, 3.7% of U.S. adults reported using marijuana or another cannabis product most days or every day in the last 30 days to assist with falling or staying asleep. Conflicting outcomes have emerged from studies that investigated the effects of cannabis products on sleep.
Findings from this extensive naturalistic sample of medicinal cannabis users tracking their insomnia symptoms pre- and post-cannabis use indicate significant improvements without gender disparities in perceived effectiveness. Furthermore, studies on the effects of cannabis on sleep are frequently conducted on individuals with other health issues. Three studies on animals assessed the effects of cannabis on both sleep-wake behavior and cognitive function. In this systematic scoping review, we discovered six studies involving humans and six involving animals that contained data regarding the effects of the sleep-wake cycle and the ECB system on cognitive function and behavior.
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